Why did a world capitalist civilization emerge when it did Essay

Why did a world capitalist civilization emerge when it did - Essay Example 165) One word often used in connection with world capitalism in the twenty first century is â€Å"globalization† (Amin, 1997) Other ideologies like socialism or feudalism do exist in areas of the contemporary world but they find themselves surrounded by a network of other nations, states and large commercial organizations which largely dictates how resources are transferred from place to place, and ultimately steers the growth, decline or stability of large areas of the planet. There are local differences, of course, since each country develops out of one of a number of previous older and separate civilizations, but there is a sense in which they also join a coherent, single world-wide capitalist civilisation. Wallerstein describes this as capitalist civilisation as â€Å"universalism through particularism and particularism through universalism† (Wallerstein, 1984, p. 167). He sees its main characteristic as a continuous search for more and more profit to drive more and more growth. This paper traces the origins of modern capitalism civilisation back to its origins in the past. The question to be answered is when and where it originally emerged. One needs only to think of the hand-to-mouth existence of small, isolated and largely rural societies in the Middle Ages to realise what a significant change global capitalism has brought to the world: â€Å"Matters would change dramatically, however, with the violent remaking of the globe that commenced c. 1500 as the Spanish, Dutch, English, and French began seeking their fortunes far beyond their own national domains.† (Bryant: 2006, p. 407). The discovery of new lands full of untapped resources set off a chain reaction that led some two hundred and fifty years later to the industrial revolution. It is clear that capitalist civilisation must have begun after medieval times. Looking back through history it is generally agreed that origins of capitalism as a world civilisation are to be sought in W estern Europe in the period around the middle of the eighteenth century that has come to be called â€Å"The Enlightenment†. Other parts of the world, notably the Ottoman Empire, Persia and Japan were taking steps in the same direction, and some historians such as Pomeranz (2000) and Goody (2004) have argued that there were parallel moves in the direction of capitalism going on in non-European regions. The fact remains, however, that the scale and speed of European industrial expansion and commercial activity dwarfs anything that historians have been able to prove elsewhere. Vast quantities of goods were shipped to and from the colonies that Western Powers set up, specifically for the purpose of supplying industrial needs back home. Even more significant than that was the extent of the stimulus that occurred with the Enlightenment’s focus on science and technology: â€Å"And as economic historians have extensively documented, it was not the comparative cheapness of co lonial resources that provided Europeans with their decisive advantage, but the astounding productivity gains that came with mechanization and the factory organization of labour.† (Bryant: 2006, p. 434) An important first step was the invention of labour saving devices which increased food production in the small farms and fields. This in turn released labour to work in newly constructed factories who processed raw materials for local or European markets. By the middle of the eighteenth century the economies of scale that emerged were able to produce surpluses which were then reinvested to drive forward ever greater productivity. This cycle of development contains the germ of a capitalist culture and so we can conclude that the first stirrings of capitalist civilisation emerged in the mid eighteenth century

Online Rerservation System Essay Example for Free

Online Rerservation System Essay Online hotel or resort reservations are becoming a very popular method for booking hotel or resort rooms. Travelers can book rooms from home by using online security to protect their privacy and financial information and by using several online travel agents to compare prices and facilities at different hotels. 1 Hotel or resort reservations systems, commonly known as Online Reservation System (ORS) is a computerized system that stores and distributes information of a hotel, resort, or other lodging facilities. It is an assistant for hoteliers to manage all of their online marketing and sales, where they can upload their rates and availabilities to be seen by all sales channels that are using an ORS. Sales channels may include conventional travel agencies as well as online travel agencies. A hotelier using an online reservation system easens his or her tasks for online distribution, because an ORS does everything to distribute hotel information to the sales channels instead of the hoteliers.2 Here in the Philippines, the biggest hotels and resorts are using the same technology. But, in some far flung provinces, some hotels and resorts are still using manual reservation system. They use signages and some print advertisements for their marketing; and log books and some paperworks to record customers’ data. One of these establishments is the Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort which is located in Barangay Buyuan, Legazpi City. It was established by Lilian Pareja, a native of Albay Province, on March 8, 2008. She built the resort to fulfill her dreams of having one. Double Mother’s Mayon Sprong Resort has full amenities like: 15 rooms with toilet and bathrooms, all are airconditioned; 21 cottages; a convention hall for special occassions, and can accommodate up to250 persons;2 swimming pools; slides; restaurant with videoke; and a rent-a-car. The resort is one of the most affordable resorts in the province yet has a quaility of a five star place. The room price range from P 750.00 to P 5,000.00 per 24 hours of stay. The cottages are priced P 300.00 a day. And, the package program of their convention hall is P 25,000.00, with all the amenities included. The resort has varied of customers: from locals to foreigners. The main attractions of the resort are the full view of Mayon Volcano and the spring water coming from it. Tourists came in the province all year round. For 2 years that the resort was created, all transactions were made manually by the front desk personnel. After the reseachers meeting with the manager and talked about this study and its benefits to the resort, they immediately agreed as thevenue for the study. The resort understands â€Å"the role of information systems and technologies in company’s management and daily operations has been widely acknowledge and assessed as positive†.3 Research has shown the importance and unprecedented growth potential of e-commerce and its role as a new electronic distribution channel.4 It has been also well agreed in the literature that establishing an online presence and adopting e-commerce business models increases company’s competetiveness, profitability, and efficiency. Statement of the Problem The Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort has no online presence and computerized system for their establishment. All their marketing and transactions are made manually, and because of this, it costs them time, money, and lack of customers. The researchers will find ways to answer the following questions: 1. How to attract tourists from other provinces and countries? 2. How to launch a marketing campaign that is low in cost? 3. How to provide aswers to the questions of would-be-customers without lifting a phone or having a face-to-face contact? 4. How and where to keep files accurately and effeciently with confidentiality? 5. How to retreive files and print reports easily?  6. Will it be possible to easily monitor the sales on daily, weekly, or monthly basis? 7. How to compute the bill of the customers accurately? Objectives of the Study This study aims to solve the current problems of Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort when it comes to Marketing/Advertisement and Management system. The researchers aim to achieve objectives, such as: 1. To attract tourists from other provinces and countries by developing and launching a program or website for information and online presence. 2. To launch a low cost marketing and advertisement campaigns that reaches a wide audience by having an online information and connected with other websites and government agencies connected with hospitality industry. 3. To provide answers to would-be-touristsby having a detailed Frequently Asked Questions coulumn on the resort’s website. 4. To keep files secured, accurate, and efficient by developing a database with passwords that only the administration and owners knows. 5. To retreive files and reports easily and automatically. 6. To save money and time for efficient and accurate transactions. Scope and Delimitation The study will provide answers to the problems of Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort when it comes to marketing and effectively managing the business. This will limit the study on the online presence and reservation system. Significance of the Study This study is important to all stakeholders, to the business and to the hospitality industry. 1. The study will make the business of resort thrive for installation of new system and technologies for doing marketing and management. 2. It will be a great help for the employees of Double Mother’s Mayon Spring Resort because it will make their work easier and efficient. 3. There will be less paperwork and their will be less time consumed. 4. The management can manned their manpower to do other things rather than do the time consuming procedures of traditional marketing and reservation system. 5. Assessing the customer’s record will also be easier, faster, more precise and accurate. 6. It will also make the establishment more efficient in terms of providing faster and more efficient quality service. 7. The tourists will have an option of reserving a room or package with the resort’s online presence. 8. The would-be-customers can save time, energy, and money in looking for the right resort or service. 9. This will benefit students and future researchers to serve as reference in conducting researches of similar nature and topic. 10. This will also help the researchers to widen their knowledge and provide them personal experience as they make and work on this study.

Platonic Paradox :: essays research papers

To research Plato's paradox in the Meno, we can first consult the definition of what platonism is. Websters defines platonism as "actual things are copies of transcendent ideas and that these ideas are the objects of true knowledge apprehended by reminiscence." For this essay, we will assume that trancendency is- "that which is beyond comprehension", and reminiscence as "past experience". The Meno is a dialogue between Socrates, a scholar and Meno, who eventually became an explorer. For this essay, however, we will assume that Meno is at the time of the dialogue, an upper-class citizen of average to better than average intelligence and superior stubbornness. The piece, according to the translation by G.M.A. Grube is thought to have taken place in approximately 402 B.C. in Athens, Greece. Late in the text, a third character, Anytus, a politician, who would eventually be an accuser of Socrates, joins in the dialogue. In the text, Meno in trying to define virtue accidentally slips in to a paradox or contradictory statement, which Socrates immediately refutes. It is the purpose of this paper to recognize the paradox, examine how Socrates disproves the paradox through argument and evidence. Socrates also brings up a key distinction between true opinion and knowledge, relating to the paradox, which will too be examined. Socrates then gives basis for more argument regarding the paradox, and why he does this will also be examined. The initial argument takes place when Socrates challenges Meno to define virtue. Meno does not realize here what he has started. Meno has before inquired whether virtue is a quality that can be taught or if it is a natural trait, that men are born with. Socrates, in method true to form, twists the question and re-poses it to Meno to see if Meno can answer it all on his own. Meno lists what he thinks are virtuous qualities, and is content at that simple definition. Socrates then says: "I seem to be in luck, Meno, while I am looking for one virtue, I have found you to have a whole swarm of them."Meno's frustration begins to set in. He tries theatrical metaphor to define virtue, as well as relating to physical philosophy and philosophers such as Empedocles.Meno at this point gives up and hands the philosophy to Socrates. Socrates presents Meno with a paradox:"....He cannot search for what (a debater) knows- since he knows it, there is no need to search- nor for what he does not know, for he does not know what to look for.

Tom Sawyer Character Analysis

The novel The Adventures of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain addresses how it was to be a kid when the author was a child. In this novel, Tom Sawyer the protagonist, and his friend Huckleberry Finn witness a murder. Both of the children swear to keep it a secret but eventually, Tom confesses because he cannot stand to see an innocent man put to death when he could stop it. Sawyer was a lively, adventurous, and tricky child who was given the opportunity to mature, and grow up because he had a touch with maturity after he witnessed a murder. Yes, but that’s different. A robber is more high-toned than what a pirate is – as a general thing. In most countries they’re after high up in the nobility- dukes and such† (280). This quote from the novel, by Sawyer is a wonderful example, which shows the boy’s adventurous side. The reader, just from reading the quote can get the feeling, this boy feels confident in his words. Meaning, this boy acts just like any other pla yful young boys, as if they know everything.Assuming that the children that act like they know everything, like to show it, this quote supports the thesis about Sawyer, that he is lively and adventurous. Not only does the quote show how Sawyer would act, and present himself, but it also acts as an example to show the boys imagination and things he would get himself into. At one point in the novel, Sawyer and a few of his friends felt as if no one loved them, and decided to live an isolated, criminal life and be pirates.They were gone for a while which caused their whole village to believe they were dead. Sawyer’s poor aunt Polly was completely torn apart trying to figure out what she had done to cause her lively, curious young boy to run away to die. But at the boy’s planned funerals, the three of them came strutting in as if they had not been gone at all. This shows that Sawyer would get into all kinds of adventures and schemes. They boy was not only lively and advent urous but very tricky and clever too. Related essay: â€Å"Stand and Deliver Character Analysis†Sawyer was forced to white-wash his fence on a Saturday and he really do not want to do it. As other young boys would walk by, Sawyer would act like he was having a lot of fun doing his job. This would intrigue the other boys and they started offering him things in order for them to have a try at the fun white-washing. When it was done, Sawyer did not have to work anymore, the white-washing finished itself and he gained a multitude of new things. This shows how smart and tricky sawyer could be.Tom Sawyer was a young boy who wanted nothing but fun. He would have fun and wild adventures with his friends, act as if he knew everything about the world and use his tricky cleverness to get that he wanted. Even though Sawyer witnessed a murder, and could have used this opportunity to mature and grow up, he stuck to his innocent boy self. He was a lively, adventurous and tricky young boy who was almost forced to, but did not gro w up even after his brush with the harshness of the real world.

Checkpoint the Information Systems Department Essay

The Information Systems Department’s goal is to manage a company’s information through safe, secure and resourceful methods that can be accessed easily from anywhere inside the company. The Information Systems Department manages a wide variety of company information; everything from software, computers, storage, e-commerce, online websites, system integration, company networks, IT help, networking, consultation, billing, telecommunications, partnerships, implementation and training. The greatest resource provided by the Information Systems Department is transparency through technology; helping employees use accessible resources to seed the evolution of new technology and future innovation. Two important departments that utilize Information Systems in a major way would be the Human Resources Department and Supply Management. The information systems department works with HR to develop strategies that help them become more efficient at tracking important employee information. Such as Payroll processes, distribution of funding, scheduling, pay, employee info, company ethics, salary information and skill inventories are all tracked through this system. The ISD department develops software and assists with the technical side of this process; helping the Human resources department develops efficient employee management strategies. On the supply management side of things the ISD departments main job is to control inventory and the supply management of the distribution side of the company. The ISD department would assist with such things as supply chain networks, production management, delivery management and quality control tracking. The department would implement strategies aimed towards tracking all of these resources and implementing effective changes to the system that may strategically enhance business production. Privacy and security of customer information would also be stored within databases managed by the ISD through the secure network established for this process. The ISD would also be responsible for transportation operations, scheduling, purchasing and all information management related to supply. The information systems department really deals with nearly all aspects of a company anymore. The processes used and developed through the ISD help a company become more effective by collecting, creating and distributing data through intelligent software. The resources managed differ from department to department, but all use the same core fundamentals. The goal is to deal with challenges in a cost effective manor; which ultimately helps drive the production of a company.

Tennesse Williams plays were influenced by the experiences in his life.

Tennesse Williams plays were influenced by the experiences in his life. Portrayal of Tennessee Williams' Life Experiences in his WorksTo many, Tennessee Williams is just another playwright, but to others he's a playwright with interesting views. Williams, "One of the most prominent playwrights in United States after World War II"(Liukkonen), inserted many of his own personal experiences into his writing. It is the haunting and powerful life experiences included in Williams' writing that makes him one of the greatest playwrights in the history of the American drama. Tennessee Williams' plays were influenced by the events of his life. Many of his writing included his involvement with his sister Rose and her relationship with their parents, as well as his homosexual lifestyle. The personal events that took place in his life were depicted in his setting, events, themes, and characterization in his plays.In Clarksdale Tennessee was struck by two serious illnesses, Diphtheria and then Bright's disease, which left him with weak kidneys and paralyzed legs (Lever ich 42).English: Tennessee Williams, American playwright; ...Tennessee's illness led him to the characterization of his play A Glass Menagerie. In this play one of the characters, Laura, also suffers from Bright's disease. She is crippled, walks with a limp and wears a brace. This character is basically composed of himself and a mixture of other people, including his sister, Rose.In the play, Laura is a shy introvert who spends a lot of her time playing with her glass figurines. Her mother, Amanda, is constantly "on her case", trying to persuade her to find a husband. The relationship between Laura and Amanda is identical to that of Rose and her mother, Edwina. "Rose should have gentlemen callers, as she herself had had, and should marry the right man, as she had not" (Leverich 142). This perpetual nagging from their mothers is one cause of both Laura's and Rose's...

feminists perspectives on fema essays

feminists perspectives on fema essays The concept of female criminality is one which has until recently been given very little consideration to in terms of its unique needs and characteristics. Like most areas of research, the study of criminology is one which until recently has been dominated by male researchers which seemed logical in the sense that the majority of crimes committed were by men. Therefore any crimes committed by women were just explained using the theoretical concepts created for men. It is only since the beginning of the 1960s that feminist groups have taken an interest in the roots and causes of crimes committed by women. The reason for this current interest is the realization that crimes committed by women cannot simply be understood using theories created to explain male activities. To explain the phenomena of female criminality, many theoretical perspectives have been put forth. Rather than focusing on physiological and biological causations, which were the main ideologies proposed in the past, contemporary feminist theorist are now analyzing female criminality through an economic and social context. In doing so, feminist criminologists have put forth various theories to serve as an aid in explaining the rise of female criminality in Canada. A very well known criminology theory that was presented by Caesare Lombroso in the late 19th century was the theory of the Female Offender (Bowker, 28). In a time period when women were recognized as individual beings and respected for their needs and rights, Lombroso proposed the theory that female criminality was due to biological abnormalities. He based his research on womens prisons and courts that he had visited and on the measurements he had taken of the womens various body parts. In his findings, Lombroso noted that that the majority of the female inmates had physical abnormalities such as heavy lower jaws, large nasal spines, simple crania...

Megalopolis From Boston to Washington

Megalopolis From Boston to Washington French geographer Jean Gottmann (1915-1994) studied the northeastern United States during the 1950s and published a book in 1961 that described the region as a vast metropolitan area over 500 miles long stretching from Boston in the north to Washington, D.C. in the south. This area (and the title of Gottmanns book) is Megalopolis. The term Megalopolis is derived from Greek and means very large city. A group of Ancient Greeks actually planned to construct a huge city on the Peloponnese Peninsula. Their plan didnt work out but the small city of Megalopolis was constructed and exists to this day. BosWash Gottmanns Megalopolis (sometimes referred to as BosWash for the northern and southern tips of the area) is a very large functional urban region that provides the whole of America with so many essential services, of the sort a community used to obtain in its downtown section, that it may well deserve the nickname of Main Street of the nation. (Gottmann, 8) The Megalopolitan area of BosWash is a governmental center, banking center, media center, academic center, and until recently, the biggest immigration center (a position usurped by Los Angeles in recent years). Acknowledging that while, a good deal of the land in the twilight areas between the cities remains green, either still farmed or wooded, matters little to the continuity of Megalopolis, (Gottmann, 42) Gottmann expressed that it was the economic activity and the transportation, commuting, and communication linkages within Megalopolis that mattered most. Megalopolis has actually been developing over hundreds of years. It initially began as the colonial settlements on the Atlantic seaboard coalesced into villages, cities, and urban areas. Communication between Boston and Washington and the cities in between has always been extensive and transportation routes within Megalopolis are dense and have been in existence for several centuries. Census Data When Gottmann researched Megalopolis in the 1950s, he utilized U.S. Census data from the 1950 Census. The 1950 Census defined many Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in Megalopolis and, in fact, MSAs formed an unbroken entity from southern New Hampshire to northern Virginia. Since the 1950 Census, the Census Bureaus designation of individual counties as metropolitan has expanded as has the population of the region. In 1950, Megalopolis had a population of 32 million, today the metropolitan area includes more than 44 million people, approximately 16% of the entire U.S. population. Four of the seven largest CMSAs (Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Areas) in the U.S. are part of Megalopolis and are responsible for over 38 million of Megalopolis population (the four are New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, Washington-Baltimore, Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City, and Boston-Worcester-Lawrence). Gottmann was optimistic about the fate of Megalopolis and felt that it could work well, not only as a vast urban area but also as the distinct cities and communities that were parts of the whole. Gottmann recommended that We must abandon the idea of the city as a tightly settled and organized unit in which people, activities, and riches are crowded into a very small area clearly separated from its nonurban surroundings. Every city in this region spreads out far and wide around its original nucleus; it grows amidst an irregularly colloidal mixture of rural and suburban landscapes; it melts on broad fronts with other mixtures, of somewhat similar though different texture, belonging to the suburban neighborhoods of other cities. (Gottmann, 5) And There's More! Furthermore, Gottmann also introduced two developing Megalopoli in the United States - from Chicago and the Great Lakes to Pittsburgh and the Ohio River (ChiPitts) and the California coast from the San Francisco Bay area to San Diego (SanSan). Many urban geographers have studied the concept of Megalopolis in the United States and have applied it internationally. The Tokyo-Nagoya-Osaka Megalopolis in an excellent example of urban coalescence in Japan. The term Megalopolis has even come to define something much more broadly found than just the northeastern United States. The Oxford Dictionary of Geography defines the term as any many-centered, multi-city, urban area of more than 10 million inhabitants, generally dominated by low-density settlement and complex networks of economic specialization. Source: Gottmann, Jean. Megalopolis: The Urbanized Northeastern Seaboard of the United States. New York: The Twentieth Century Fund, 1961.

Holistic Medcine Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Holistic Medcine - Research Proposal Example While searching about the topic about my dissertation, naturally, the problem of childhood obesity kept popping up. This area in particular has been documented to be a health problem of epidemic proportions, with the incidence and prevalence both being on the rise. Moreover, all biomedical interventions despite being research based have failed to produce results in practice. The main problem detected is that of failure to instigate lifestyle behavior in terms of dietary energy intake and physical activity in the target population. What I felt was children spend most of their time in families, and thus the family macro environment shapes their behavior in other areas. What if an intervention designed on the principles of holistic clinical medicine implemented in families could be implemented, which would promote behavioral change This proposition seemed very interesting since, there is a need for a solution to the problem of childhood obesity due mainly to the facts that behaviors inc urred in childhood continue into adulthood, reduce health effects of obesity in the adulthood, may answer the unanswered questions in this area of practice, may fulfill the gaps in knowledge in this area where there is a great paucity of research making this topic unique, and may provide a guideline for management both to the holistic medicine and biomedical medicine. Moreover, this is an opportunity for me to be involved I research in my area of practice, where my learning on research methods may be implemented so I am able to investigate whether my personal belief that clinical holistic medicine at family levels may alter the current course of childhood obesity since the solution of this problem may lie in targeting pediatric population in order to modify these lifestyle behaviors that predispose to childhood obesity and its adverse effects. Why do you feel you can provide additional information on this topic From my studies, it is clear that inherent health risk behaviors in terms of dietary energy consumption and lack of physical activity in a regular fashion are the main reasons of childhood obesity, where sustained problem behaviors at the family levels potentiate the problem that are inadequately addressed by clinical biomedical interventions. Research studies in biomedical models in this topic are inadequate mainly due to knowledge gaps of the researchers on holistic health care principles. On the other hand, research on holistic healthcare is inadequate due mainly to paucity of knowledge in the principles of biomedical medicine and methodological deficiencies in research design. From my position as a holistic practitioner, I can utilize my knowledge of research methods and holistic health principles within the domain of biomedical knowledge of childhood obesity to have a research designed in this area which can successfully bridge the gap. In my opinion this original and unique top ic is nothing more than under researched where many gaps exist

The Impact of Technology on Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Impact of Technology on Education - Essay Example A survey in the US high schools showed that about half of the public school teachers who had access to computers and Internet available in their schools used them for classroom instruction. About 61 percent of the teachers assigned students to use these technologies for word processing or creating spreadsheets most frequently, 51% used Internet research, 50% applied them in practicing drills, and 50% solved problems and analyzed data using the technologies available. Furthermore, many teachers used computers or the Internet to conduct lots of preparatory and administrative tasks such as creating instructional materials, gathering information for planning lessons, and communicative tasks (Smerdon, Cronen, Lanahan, Anderson, Iannotti, & Angeles, 2001). Generally, there are a lot of benefits the use of technology has brought in teaching-learning process. The impact can be assessed both on the learners' and the teachers' side. In the one hand, the National School Board Associations of the United States reported that the availability of technology often stimulates teachers to present more complex tasks and materials which could not be handled using conventional methods and processes (NSBA, 2008). Furthermore, the NSBA (2008) reported, introduction of technology will tend to support teachers in becoming coaches rather than dispensers of knowledge, increases teachers' sense of professionalism and achievement and motivates students to attempt harder tasks and to take more care in crafting their work. There are concepts in education, particularly in the areas of science and mathematics that require complex representations, which could not be done in the conventional ways. To address the difficulties in teaching these concepts educator of tentimes uses instructional technologies like film (cited in Linn, 1998, p. 269), computer models, and other systems. Garofalo, J., Drier, H., Harper, S., Timmerman, M.A., & Shockey, T. (2000) reported that a crucial component of technology application in education is enabling the teachers. Technology is useful for learning but the efficacy of the systems applied depend on the competence of those who handle them. In the other side, the benefits of technology on the learners are vast. A 1990 University of Michigan study reported that children could gain the equivalent of three months of instruction per school year when computers are available to them. Electronic drill and practice programs make children better spellers. Intensive preparation programs raise SAT scores. So-called integrated learning systems, which deliver entire curriculums to students sitting at workstations in a learning laboratory, practically guarantee that grade-point averages will go up, at least for a time (cited in Dewitt, 1991). Despite, however the vast promise of technology in advancing the learning process, there are cases reported when the application of technology did otherwise. Dewitt's (1991) article reported that the entire first-grade class in a tiny Belridge school district in McKittrick, California, along with more than a third of the 64-member student body, had scored below their grade level for both reading and math.

Evaluation of an international business organisation Essay

Evaluation of an international business organisation - Essay Example Fairness, honesty, and thinking on long terms are the fundamentals of the Nestle Company. The Research & Development of the company is the largest of any other food company in the world (Nestle is, 2012). The foods and beverages products of the company include almost every product needed by consumers providing them with the essence of both taste and health. These include products of baby foods, bottled water, cereals, chocolates, confectionaries, coffee, culinary, dairy, drinks, healthcare nutrition, as well as pet care and other products of foods (Our Brands, 2012). The company had started its operations in Swiss but has now spread to almost every country in the world that reflects its global presence (Global Presence, 2012). This particular study focuses on the learning of the company’s key resources and capabilities, the core competencies of the company that lead to competitive advantages, as well as the changes in the external environment of the company that might affect the company’s competencies. Nestle’s key resources have been obtained to be its Research & Development, the Human Resources and the Working Team at the company. The company has facilities for research, development and technology in around 29 countries in the world, making its R&D the largest among any other food company across the world. All the resources of R&D are brought together by the company thus being capable of providing its consumers with food solutions that are safe and reflect quality. The products are quickly and efficiently launched in the market with accordance to all regulatory measures that are necessary (Our Vision, 2012). The human resources team working in the company represents a complete business team focused on the strategic measures of the company and the successful implementation of them by the employees and every department associated with the

Should Juvenile offenders be tried as adults Essay

Should Juvenile offenders be tried as adults - Essay Example e recent past, many young people in the early 20s have faced police arrests because they have violated the law in various ways by committing criminal offenses. Many arguments have been raised over the manner in which the state has been handling juvenile offenses (Bradley 135), with some saying that those juvenile courts and justice systems should be abolished and juvenile delinquents tried as adults. Rapists, murderers and other types of law offenders are being let to walk freely from jails after having served lenient and short sentences. These criminal offenders are children, who in most cases have not attained the necessary statutory age to face trial as adult members of the society. Juvenile delinquents often benefit from juvenile rights and court systems that emphasize that these groups of criminals need to be given second opportunities to reform and become useful members of the society. This has been making these minors enjoy freedom, walking freely in the streets and neighborhoods while committing extra crimes. For this reason, many people have been advocating the abolishing of juvenile rights and court systems so that these law offenders are tried and made to serve their sentences as adult members of the society. These people centre their arguments on the fact that giving stiff sentences and penalties to these minors is essential in preventing future offences. One of the arguments given in support of these claim is that the juvenile court systems is established on many false premises due to its purpose to prevent youths from the alleged consequences of their actions. For instance, young people that are released from these juvenile jails often end up engaging in repeat offenses, something that underlies the fact that the juvenile systems do not live to their expectations as reliable correctional facilities. Additionally, juvenile courts have been blamed for their inability to prevent juvenile violence. Abolishment of juvenile legal systems often requires

Analyze life in America or Europe during the Roaring 20s as depicted Essay

Analyze life in America or Europe during the Roaring 20s as depicted in the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald or Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example The improvement in the field of women’s rights and increased social freedom produced a new type of a modern looking short-haired, sexually liberated woman. Americans had more leisure time and literature, as well as art, became a national pursuit for them. Among the dazzling heroes of the Roaring Twenties was F. Scott Fitzgerald who had the talent of describing the high life he himself was a part of and simultaneously detached from as an observer. Though he was not recognized as a gifted writer during his lifetime, his somber side was recognized by very few readers. It was not until after Fitzgerald’s death that the readers recognized his worth. He used to write amateur lyrical comedies while attending Princeton University which he left without attaining a degree. The true depiction of the pleasure seeking generation of the Roaring Twenties was seen in his first novel â€Å"This Side of Paradise† followed by a similar novel â€Å"The Beautiful and Damned†. Some of his collections of short stories such as the â€Å"Flappers and Philosophers† and â€Å"Tales of the Jazz Age† also increased his reputation. Fitzgerald’s masterpiece â€Å"The Great Gatsby† did not receive as much fame as the ones written before but this story was uniquely moralistic revolving around a wealthy bootlegger Jay Gatsby. It seemed Fitzgerald could see the moral bleakness that the American society confronted in the 1920s. The characters that Fitzgerald chose in his works were very close to the flaws of real life which he was depicting in nearly all his novels. The Roaring Twenties brought with it a chaotic lifestyle of the Americans with heavy alcoholism common in most of the households. Fitzgerald himself was a part of this fast moving generation and it has been widely known that his personal life marred his career as a literary writer. His work was not much appreciated during his lifetime but critics agree that after his death most of his works got

Out of Africa, Biological Adam and Eve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Out of Africa, Biological Adam and Eve - Essay Example All that we know about Adam and Eve is that they were the first human beings on earth. They were banished from heaven and sent to earth as punishment. Human brain inquires many questions over this small statement. Is this a true tale? Were Adam and Eve really the first human beings? If they were punished or banished from heaven then why are we here? And, is this all a punishment? Theology and science have been into cold war on these topics from the very beginning. This is because science accepts logic and evidences however, religion expects one to believe in whatever is told without any doubts. The aspects of the existence of universe and that of mankind are discussed side by side in this assignment. Adam and Eve are the first two human beings i.e. male and female, created by God. He wanted them to live in heaven and gave them superiority over the other creations of His. He made every possible luxury available to them but ordered them to avoid only one thing. He ordered them to stay away from one tree. That tree is termed as tree of knowledge which contained the knowledge of evil and good in it. Some mythological tales state that the tree of knowledge had â€Å"apples† on it. Satan misguided Eve and made her go near the tree. She being the only companion of Adam convinced him to accompany her. On this act God became angry with them and banished them from garden of heaven. He expelled them from heaven and made them spend their lives on earth. Also, he did not keep their lives free of tension or evil. It is in many mythological tales that God made humans suffer by giving women childbirth pain and by making men face the hardships of earning livelihood and farming etc. It is also found in historic writings and theological information that they were expelled to earth and sent to Africa. This tale is what we all know but how we are connected to Adam and Eve and how our roots connect with Africa is still a mystery. There are many paintings made by people of dif ferent faith over this incident. They all tell something different yet all are common at the point of naming both the humans as Adam and Eve. The topic under discussion throws light over Adam and Eve existence, their expulsion from heaven, their lives on earth, their multiplication and migration. Bombarded with philosophy, theology and science, the questions of human race existence are answered to unravel the facts unknown to most of our generation. Part. 2: Out of Africa, Biological Adam and Eve Adam and Eve were the first human couple due to which we are here today. This is the little piece of information we all have. There are numerous things dwelling between the above mentioned two simple lines. Let us discuss the religious, scientific and logical aspects of this simple story which starts becoming complex as we analyze its different aspects. 2.1 Religious Aspect about the existence of Adam and Eve According to the religious perspective, Adam and Eve were meant to live in Eden an d enjoy God’s bounties without having any unfulfilled desire. God created every luxury in heaven for them. He gave them superiority over other beings and excused them from the hardships of life (House and Grover, 2009, pp.31-36). House and Grover (2009, pp.32) state that Mattew Henry exemplified Eve to be created from Adam’s rib because God did not want him to live alone. The woman created from the rib has the logical justification of not to rule over man, be by his side for his support, to be guarded and loved.

Analyze life in America or Europe during the Roaring 20s as depicted Essay

Analyze life in America or Europe during the Roaring 20s as depicted in the works of F. Scott Fitzgerald or Ernest Hemingway - Essay Example The improvement in the field of women’s rights and increased social freedom produced a new type of a modern looking short-haired, sexually liberated woman. Americans had more leisure time and literature, as well as art, became a national pursuit for them. Among the dazzling heroes of the Roaring Twenties was F. Scott Fitzgerald who had the talent of describing the high life he himself was a part of and simultaneously detached from as an observer. Though he was not recognized as a gifted writer during his lifetime, his somber side was recognized by very few readers. It was not until after Fitzgerald’s death that the readers recognized his worth. He used to write amateur lyrical comedies while attending Princeton University which he left without attaining a degree. The true depiction of the pleasure seeking generation of the Roaring Twenties was seen in his first novel â€Å"This Side of Paradise† followed by a similar novel â€Å"The Beautiful and Damned†. Some of his collections of short stories such as the â€Å"Flappers and Philosophers† and â€Å"Tales of the Jazz Age† also increased his reputation. Fitzgerald’s masterpiece â€Å"The Great Gatsby† did not receive as much fame as the ones written before but this story was uniquely moralistic revolving around a wealthy bootlegger Jay Gatsby. It seemed Fitzgerald could see the moral bleakness that the American society confronted in the 1920s. The characters that Fitzgerald chose in his works were very close to the flaws of real life which he was depicting in nearly all his novels. The Roaring Twenties brought with it a chaotic lifestyle of the Americans with heavy alcoholism common in most of the households. Fitzgerald himself was a part of this fast moving generation and it has been widely known that his personal life marred his career as a literary writer. His work was not much appreciated during his lifetime but critics agree that after his death most of his works got

Management Accounting & Finance of Nokia and Carphone Warehouse Essay

Management Accounting & Finance of Nokia and Carphone Warehouse - Essay Example In the case of Nokia the expenses incurred in operating the machinery, depreciation of equipment and other assets such as building associated with the production of the company’s products and other overhead costs such as light water and telephone are classified as factory overheads and are therefore included in production costs as part of the companies manufacturing costs. Nokia can determine how much it actually costs to produce a certain level of activity, the types of expenditure involved and their cost in relation to the volume of production. In the case of Carphone Warehouse, the company provides a service which includes selling cell phones and other electronic items and repairing cell phones. The company does not manufacture anything and so the cost of the phones that it sells is the only cost of sales in the company’s income statement. The cost of repairing phones along with the costs of the service it provides are all included as operational expenses. Regular re view of and updating of budgets is essential to the success of these companies. The company should focus on budgets and the competition and seek to add value to its products. Nokia is in an industry where technology is changing rapidly and so it needs to be always focused on external information so that it can make internal changes in the way it does things. This, however, requires the implementation of strategies such as the Balanced Scorecard, which will allow the organization to create value for its many stakeholders including customers.

Summary of David Suzuki’s “Food Connections” Essay Example for Free

Summary of David Suzuki’s â€Å"Food Connections† Essay In his essay â€Å"Food Connections,† David Suzuki states that food is not just something we eat, but something that connects us to our earth and different places all around it. Fruits and vegetables come into our earth, straight from the soil, already fresh and healthy and we poison it with pesticides, antibiotics, etc. The way we live now, how we eat and treat our earth is unnatural. Our markets which are now turned into large supermarkets, not only carry fresh food but almost anything else you could possibly think of. From clothing to office supplies to electronics, you name it. Our food markets have officially turned into ‘everything markets’. Feeling connected to our earth is what makes living important. There are so many people, places and things that this beautiful world has to offer and so many times we turn that offer down. Suzuki states that especially in richer countries, such as America and Canada, we seem to forget where most of our food comes from. People dont have to go pick their fruits and vegetables from the dirt weekly. They can just go to the local supermarket and buy them already packaged and ready to go. In third world countries, going to the market to get some daily fresh foods is not the only reason people go there. They go there to socialize with their friends, listen to people play their music, see artists paint and watch little children run around. It sounds like such a fun and lively place to be, but people in richer countries would never know that, they do not have those activities at supermarkets. When Suzuki writes, â€Å"Food grown naturally without chemicals is marked â€Å"organic,† while food that has been treated with pesticides requires no special label† (8), shows us that the way we look at our foods, is a little different than how people do in other parts of the world (mostly third world countries). We now have a special name for completely regular and  normal growing foods and the foods that we pour tons of chemicals onto, are considered to be normal at our local supermarkets. Our society cares so much about what our foods look like when we are purchasing them, we are always trying to pick out the fruits that are the cleanest or with the least amount of blemishes on them. We do not stop and think to ourselves where they came from or that they were laying in a bunch of dirt and who knows, even animal waste possibly. We are willing to infect our water, air and soil just so that we can have cleaner foods without marks or little insect bites on them. Humans have disconnected themselves from nature. Society is always looking for an easier and faster way to do things and get things done. Maybe going to the local supermarket is more time efficient but small markets have character and meaning, its not just about the food.

The Inner Workings of Music Essay -- Personal Narrative Essays

The Inner Workings of Music As a junior in high school, I was fortunate enough to be accepted in the Yale University course: "Music of Arnold Schoenberg, 1908 to 1923: From Romanticism to Dodecaphony" at the Arnold Schoenberg Center in Vienna, Austria. My course work gave me the opportunity to conduct in depth study of the development of one of the twentieth century's most important composers in his home city. However, in Vienna, I also enjoyed many opportunities to learn outside of class. Perhaps the most significant of these experiences was viewing the archives of the Arnold Schoenberg Center. The archives at the Schoenberg Center contain thousands of pages of sketch work, manuscripts, and letters. During my stay in Vienna, I visited the archives several times to explore sketches and manuscripts to various compositions in order to gain a greater understanding of Schoenberg's compositional process. One sketc... ... Schoenberg changed the voice part from speech to song on an appearance of the works three-note motive. By exploring Schoenberg' sketches for Pierot Luinare from their earliest phases to a final score, I received a great deal of insight into the compositional process. Studying the work of a master reinforced my belief that every aspect of a piece of music is significant. By studying sketch work, I expanded my understanding of the inner workings of music.

The Christain Theme of Tolstoys The Death of Ivan Ilyich Essay

The Christain Theme of  Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Tolstoy's The Death of Ivan Ilyich attacks the pursuit of material possessions.   The Ilyich family bases itself upon the unsure foundation of wealth.   As Ivan ascends the rungs of the corporate ladder, he acquires new possessions and articles.   After joining the Civil Service, Ivan buys "new fashionable belongings" at the "very best shops" to keep up appearances (100).   For his wedding to Fiorodovna, Ivan buys "new furniture, new crockery, new linen[s]" to be proper or comme il faut.   He tries in vain to keep up "appearances as ordained by public opinion" (116).   None of these niceties are needed: Ivan buys them purely for the pleasure of owning them and in attempt to fit in with those of his class.   He succeeds instead... ...erings" that Ivan's illness put her through.   In the end, Ivan has nothing to solace him during his slow expiration.   What Tolstoy points out in The Death of Ivan Ilyich is a purely Christain theme:   do not place your foundation upon material things, but upon those things which transcend all time. Work Cited Tolstoy, Leo. The Death of Ivan Ilyich. Bantam Classic ed. New York: Bantam, 1991.

Discussing Road Accidents in Malaysia Essay

Road accidents are global tragedies with an ever-raising trend. In Malaysia, it represents a major public problem because of the high number of victims involved and also the seriousness of the consequences for the victim themselves and to their families. Accidents are generally classified as single vehicle accidents in which the vehicle is either colliding with fixed objects or with pedestrians Besides that, the vehicle may fall in a ditch and multiple vehicle accidents in which two or more than two vehicle can either collide head–on. The increase of road accident is closely linked with the rapid growth of population, economic development, industrialization and motorization encountered by the country. It continues to be a growing concern to all those who uses the roads. Every year, road accidents in Malaysia are becoming more and more common in today’s society and it contributes to a significant number of deaths as the result. Although the police have already taken action to prevent the accidents, it is still raising day by day. Based on statistics, road accidents mostly occur during festive days such as Hari Raya, Chinese New Year, Deepavali and so on. They are travelling a long distance for purpose to go back their hometown to celebrate with their relatives. There are a few reasons why accidents happen in Malaysia. Firstly, road accidents happen because of speeding. For example, many teenagers in Malaysia like to drive with a sense of speed. They drive recklessly and love to ignore the speed limit. Even though our government has put up signboards on roads and highways, they seem to ignore these signs. These actions not only endanger their lives but it also endangers the lives of other road users. Secondly, accidents happen when the drivers are in a drunken condition. After getting drunk, they do not realize that they are actually driving very fast because they are influenced by alcohol. They lose the ability to focus and drive properly when drunk. So, they would get in trouble and get involved in an accident. It is a very dangerous action and is one of the top causes of accidents in Malaysia. Thirdly, Malaysia has a lot of road users that are not responsible. They do not care about the rules that are provided; they just ignore them for the sake of being comfortable. They are careless and make unnecessary mistakes such as falling asleep at the wheel, unsafe overtaking, not stop at the red traffic light and other common disregards of road rules. Distractions are also linked to driver error because accidents can occur when the driver is distracted, which includes texting while driving. As a conclusion, there are a lot of causes of road accidents but the main cause of road accidents occur because of the driver’s behaviour. As a driver, we need to take responsibility for what we have done. Refrain from doing actions that might cause accidents to occur or injure other person; on phone while driving, drunk driving and so on. These actions are really dangerous if we do it when driving because we cannot control the car well. Remember that our family members are always worried about us and care about us. There are no people who are wishing to get involved in a road accident. It is really a tragedy; it makes a lot of people lose their family members. Besides that, all Malaysians should be cooperating to reduce the number of road accidents. Whenever you think that this isn’t achievable, remember our slogan â€Å"Malaysia Boleh†.

The Scarlet Letter: Themes Alive Today

Mike Esposito Mrs. Forstrom American Literature – 1 7 November 2012 The Themes Are Still Alive Today Ah The Scarlet Letter, whether we like it or not, it is now a book we have all read and have most likely come to hate. Whether it be because of the old setting in the Puritan Massachusetts Bay Colony in Boston that we cannot relate to or the old English language in which it is written, Nathaniel Hawthorne just failed to create a novel that most teenagers of the early twenty-first century can enjoy and appreciate.It must be pointed out that first, it’s doubtful he cares, and more importantly that this just simply should not be the case. We juniors should pay more attention to the novel, especially with the thought that the messages Hawthorne tries to convey are still relevant today. Think about it. With all of the experiences of Hester Prynne and other characters in the novel, we interpret concepts that are still correlated with those of today.In Hawthorne’s the Sc arlet Letter, two crucial themes of sin and what it can do to people and the different degrees of evil directly relate to today’s society and modern ideas. As it is known, Hester committed a sin in the novel with Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale that the Puritans in her society thought to be one of the worst that could ever be committed: adultery. They conceived a child together, their daughter Pearl, which is a sin that takes a toll on both characters in many different ways.Beginning with Hester, the protagonist, the sin is something that identifies her, and she becomes one with it. At the beginning of the novel, you should recall that she has to take her first punishment of being humiliated on the scaffold and ridiculed by many people of the community while wearing the letter â€Å"A† on her chest to indicate that she committed adultery. But she does not just stick any regular printed letter on her.She goes beyond, as Hawthorne describes, â€Å"But the point which drew al l eyes and, as it were, transfigured the wearer—so that both men and women, who had been familiarly acquainted with Hester Prynne, were now impressed as if they beheld her for the first time—was that Scarlet Letter, so fantastically embroidered and illuminated upon her bosom. It had the effect of a spell, taking her out of the ordinary relations with humanity and enclosing her in a sphere by herself† (51-52). Hester makes the Scarlet Letter so beautiful because it is a part of who she is and it determines her identity.Also, throughout the book, Hester shows she accepts her sin, especially through the fact that she wants to stay in Boston instead of leave to go elsewhere. She does this because she does not want to pretend that the situation never happened and deny a part of who she is. This tremendously demonstrates the message that sin can give someone fortitude. In addition, forgiveness is something that can also result of sin. This is demonstrated very creative ly through the changing of the letter A on Hester’s shirt.It first symbolized the sin she committed, but later in the novel, changes to mean other positive things, such as â€Å"able† and â€Å"awe†. The change of what the letter means shows that her sin was made up for and that she is forgiven. However, in complete contrast to Hester is Dimmesdale, the father, who shows what can also result from sin. No one ever finds out that until late that he was on the other end of the affair with Hester, which was not a good thing for Dimmesdale. Throughout the novel, his psychological turmoil worsens as he unintentionally inflicts his own punishment of self hatred and guilt.He gets vitally ill and sicker as time progresses, which is reinforced with him always having his hand over his heart. One night his agony and remorse sleepwalks him to the scaffold that Hester was embarrassed on years earlier, as Hawthorne words it, â€Å"he had been driven hither by the impulse of t hat Remorse which dogged him everywhere† (144). This clearly portrays the message of hiding a sin can be too much to handle and can destroy a person. Now that the theme of the different things sin can lead to is discussed in The Scarlet Letter, let’s relate it to our life.As the Christian religion will preach, everyone in the entire world sins all the time. Whether the sins are small or really serious, they are a part of our life all the time, and mostly those that are seriously poor decisions can have a great affect on us. As is illustrated with Hester in the novel, those poor choices can be made up for and can give us strength in our later life. For example, steroid use in baseball is a very popular issue. Ryan Braun, outfielder in the MLB, was suspected to have used performance enhancing drugs after a failed urine test.Clearly, taking steroids was a bad choice for him to make, and although it is not commonly thought of as one, it is a sin. However, Braun came back th e next season after the scandal and had a career year. He recognized his mistake and came back stronger than ever, which is quite relatable to Hester and how her sin made her bold. Also, on the other side, sins can lead people today into having too much guilt to be able to handle, no matter how venial or mortal the sin may be. You may lie to your parents and just not be able to hold back a confession because you feel bad.Or, it may be as serious as a murderer who could not live with himself anymore and turned himself in. Whatever the case may be, what Hawthorne wrote about sin in the 1800’s in The Scarlet Letter still relates to aspects of life today. Roger Chillingworth, that doctor that we know and love, presents another major theme in the novel: there are many levels of evil. As we know, Chillingworth was the husband of Hester before she had the affair with Dimmesdale, which obviously is an evil to the Puritans of the colony.One of the details that you may have missed is t hat the marriage between Chillingworth and Hester was arranged, and that she had no say in it. On a side note, Chillingworth was about double Hester’s age, which makes the marriage worse, and kind of gross. But this plays a role in that Hester more likely committed the sin because she wasn’t really in love with Chillingworth, and was with Dimmesdale. This is the justification of her doing what she did. And in addition to the evils that Hester and Dimmesdale carried out, Chillingworth also does.You should remember that as Dimmesdale was sick, Chillingworth, the â€Å"brilliant acquisition†, was chosen to be his doctor and he had to try to save the colony’s well loved minister. As he did this, he suspected something interesting going on with Dimmesdale, and he figured out that he was involved with Hester and realizes his suspicions are correct. So instead of curing him, he begins to torture the minister. This act of malice is definitely more widely consider ed evil than the acts of Hester and Dimmesdale to us, which is exactly what Hawthorne wants us to think.He demonstrates the theme bluntly in Dimmesdale’s speech to Hester when he talks about Chillingworth’s evil, â€Å"There is one worse than even that polluted priest! That old man’s revenge has been blacker than my sin. He has violated, in cold blood, the sanctity of a human heart. Thou and I, Hester, never did so! † (191). Hawthorne clearly wants you to realize that the evil found in Hester and Dimmesdale’s lovemaking is not nearly as bad as evil in its most poisonous form of the cruel revenge taken by Chillingworth.Evidently, the theme of different levels of evil is clearly presented in the novel, but it also occurs in real life. It is a very upsetting fact, but it is true: evil has not gone away. It existed in the eighteenth century, the time period where The Scarlet Letter takes place, the nineteenth century, when the novel was written, and ri ght now, where it is still around today. We know that evil can be something that is somber, such as a serial killer that just doesn’t have a conscience and will never grasp the concept that death is something so mind bogglingly terrible and should never be done to a person.That is one extreme. Evil can also be used to describe your teacher, even if the only reason why is because you didn’t like that she gave you a pop quiz that you failed. This may seem barely related to evil talked about in The Scarlet Letter, but it is not, however. This is because as the Puritans call the acts of love of Hester and Dimmesdale â€Å"evil†, we still don’t really think that they were necessarily evil for doing so, just like the hypothetical teacher probably does not have much of an evil soul.So, there are many different degrees of evil, and they exist in modern context as well as in the wonderful novel. As you now well educated pupils should realize, the novel written hun dreds of years ago, The Scarlet Letter, about a world that we can’t seem to be able to relate to, is still very useful in today’s modern society because of the relation between the novel’s major themes and their relation to today’s modern society.Sin and what it can do to people is a large concept that is a lot to grasp, and it is discussed thoroughly in the book and is clearly alive today. Additionally, the different degrees of evil in the world is definitely a focus of both the novel and our current lives. So no more calling the book bad and difficult and boring. Respect its greatness. Works Cited Hawthorne, Nathaniel. The Scarlet Letter. New York: Tom Doherty Associates, 1988. Print.

Regulation and Criminal Liability Essay

Currently in the United States, the Americans continue to face unfair treatments of health care professionals within the work place. Regulates and laws have been created and set forth to help individuals’ feel protected and to know their rights as a victim of such criminal acts. People deserve to be treated with respect, especially in the care of health professionals. In this paper will contain information on criminal liabilities of health professionals and show people who may have been violated by health care providers the steps of filing a civil complaint. In addition, the paper will go into investigating allegations and disciplinary actions. Up-to-date regulatory policy regarding health care professionals is based on the speculation that the market for resources in health care is unsuccessful because consumers do not have complete facts about the nature of services these professionals offer. The outcome of some professionals possibly will exploit consumers on the condition lesser-quality services. The theory of economics proposes that in the absence of order, many health care professionals might offer minimum quality services at expensive quality prices to uneducated consumers. Therefore, the main justification for managing health professionals is to expand the quality of their services and to guard the interests of unaware health care consumers. Health care professional guidelines restrict access into the profession by setting the least possible measures of education and experience mandatory to practice. Furthermore, those regulations identify the legal acceptable boundaries of training for the health care provider or the permissible scope of health care professionals’ training and state the permitted business training of health care professionals. In the United States the federal system of government, regulates every states health care professional practice. Health professional training performances are statutory laws that create regulatory or licensing agencies or boarding to promote rules that order medical  practice. State licensing laws initiating the lesser level of education and experience needed to practice, explain the roles of the profession and bound the act of these roles to licensed individuals. State occupation practice limits restrictions on the services of professionals by for-profit firms, limitations on the operation of trade names, restrictions on the process of numerous workplaces, and boundaries on the place of health care professionals’ workplaces. Earlier in 1977 state companies practice limitations on frequently incorporated restrictions on marketing by professionals. Principles of Medical Ethics, the American Medical Association (AMA) declare a physician shall obey the law† and â€Å"record doctors’ insufficient in character or ability, or engaging in deception or fraud. AMA could refuse mem bership to doctors guilty of criminal activity, in addition to physicians charged with crimes in different countries. Reference to petition for licensure, the Federation of State Medical Boards, in connection of state medical boards’ responsibility for punishing physicians, suggests that every state medical board run criminal record review as part of licensure application practice and all candidates with a criminal background, comes before the committee for questioning to examine the candidates ability for licensure. AMA recognizes that doctors can be criminally arraigned merely to the degree of statue, and these regulations unlike state to state. Although illustrations from our data demonstrate the regular ordinary sanctions by state medical boards after the doctors have been criminally found guilty. According to AMA recent data less than 80 percent of doctors who carried out sexual acts offenses the physicians’ licenses would be revoked, suspended, or surrendered. Merely 53 % of doctors convicted of criminally possessing, using, or prescribing controlled substances and only 40% of doctors were guilty of criminal wrongdoing connected to the practice of medicine had their licenses surrendered, revoked, or suspended. The statistics show a system that permits questionable physicians to remain practicing medicine after displaying clear unethical and risky behavior. If an individual thinks that a health care provider, local or state government agency, has discriminated against he/she based on national origin, race, age, or disability, one can file a civil rights complaint. OCR can examine disability-based discrimination complaints against programs ran by HHS. Below certain regulations and statue, OCR has  slight authority to explore complaints of discrimination based on religion and sex. If an individual believe his/her health care provider moral safety rights have been breached, individuals can file a complaint with OCR. The Case Resolution Manual for Civil Rights Investigations (CRM) offers OCR managers and staff with the strategies and process designed to effectively and promptly investigate, evaluate and settle compliance and complaint evaluation, and to implement violation locations where guaranteed. When filling a complaint an individual have to follow the complaint requirements and that is followed by: (http://www.hhs.gov) Be filed in writing, either electronically via or paper the OCR Complaint Portal, by email, fax, or mail. Social service provider or health care provider involved, and describe the acts or omissions, that one believed over stepped the civil rights regulations or law. Must be filed in 180 days of when the omission complained of or act occurred. OCR could prolong the 180-day period if individual can provide a worthy reason. In conclusion individuals need to educate themselves on the laws which supposed to protect them from mistreatment of any health care provider and learn the appropriate ways to handle the situation in case of becoming a victim to any type of neglect or abuse. Physicians’ and nurses should follow the quality standards. Patients are treated with kindness, dignity, compassion, respect, honesty and understanding. References Article in Health Matrix: United States Physicians’ Disciplined for Criminal Activity, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 from: http://www.citizen.org/page.aspx?pid=696 Principles of Medical Ethics, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 from; http:// http://www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/medical-ethics/code-medical-ethics/principles-medical-ethics.page United States Department of Health and Human Resources, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 from: http://www. hhs.gov/ocr/civilrights/complaints/index.html#file Wilson,D., The Regulation of Health Care professionals other than Physicians, Retrieved on April 22, 2014 from;

Influence of habitat diversity and substratum on the composition of Essay

Influence of habitat diversity and substratum on the composition of macroinvertebrate communities from riverine systems - Essay Example They are a key component of the food chain and their abundance and diversity have been used to assess the ecosystem health and bio diversity in a given habitat. A very recent study by Leroy et al iexamined the relative importance of litter quality and stream characteristics in determining decomposition rate and macro invertebrate assemblage living on autumn shed leaves. The decomposition rates of five riparian tree species (Populus fermonti, Alnus oblongifolnia, Platanus wrightii, Faxinus velutina, Quercus gambelli) were compared across three south -western streams in the Verde River catchments (Arizona, U.S.A). Also to test whether plant species diversity affects rate, the decomposition of three and five species mixtures was compared to that of a single species. The results showed that decomposition rate was affected by both litter quality and stream although litter quality accounted for most of the variation. The relative importance of litter quantity was shown to decrease from 97% in the first week to 45% by the eighth week. It was also found that the rate of decomposition increased relatively when all the species included were highly la bile. The most significant outcome of this study was the difference in invertebrate assemblage, which seemed to be more pronounced across streams than across leaf litter species within a stream. There was also a significant difference between the invertebrate assemblage colonizing leaf mixtures compared to that colonizing pure species litter, indicating non -additive properties of litter diversity on stream invertebrates. The conclusion of the study was that leaf litter diversity has the capacity to affect in -stream decomposition rates and stream invertebrates but these effects depend on both litter quality and stream characteristics. A research conducted in Griffith University, Australiaii studied the basic principles and ecological consequences of altered flow regimens for aquatic bio- diversity. The article stated that the flow regimen is considered to be the primary factor governing river and flood plain wetland ecosystems. Four key principles highlighted the important mechanisms that link hydrology and aquatic bio diversity and the impacts of alteration in the flow regimes: 1. Flow plays a major role in determining the physical habitat in streams, which influences the biotic composition. 2. The evolution of aquatic species has a direct response to the natural flow regimes. 3. The viability of populations of many riverine species requires maintenance of natural patterns of longitudinal and lateral connectivity. 4. The alteration in flow regimes facilitates the invasion and success of exotic and introduced species in riverine systems. Wide ranges of taxonomic groups are impacted by altered flow regimes including riverine plants, invertebrates and fish. A study by Douglas et al iii related macro invertebrate community structure to physical, chemical and biological gradients in flow through constructed wetlands receiving secondarily treated domestic wastewater and lower nutrient river water in Ohio, U.S.A. Benthic colonization plates and emergence traps were used to collect macro invertebrates which were then analyzed with diversity, biotic and combination indices and related to seventeen parameters of water quality, substrate characteristics and primary productivity in both wetland systems. 36 and 39 macro invertebrate

Research methods and perspectives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research methods and perspectives - Essay Example Ethics has a number of significant branches that can be summarized here as meta-ethics which details the theoretical implications as well as references related with moral propositions and how the truth meanings could be discerned. The normative ethics discuss the practical means through which moral courses of actions are found out. Applied ethics states how ethical outcomes could be attained within specified circumstances, situations and events. Moral psychology is another branch of ethics which deals with the proposition of how moral capacity develops and how its nature works to good effect (Sarantakos 2005). Lastly, descriptive ethics looks at the moral values, principles and beliefs which people listen and adhere to, on a consistent basis. All of these branches have one or the other moral justifications that do play their respective roles within the ethical understandings (Seale 2004). There are however a number of schools of thought as far as comprehending the basic premise behin d ethics and the sub-fields of study are also present under its aegis. The famous personalities who have played significant roles in forming ethical theories include G E Moore, John Rawls, Socrates, Aristotle, John Piper, Epictetus, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, Immanuel Kant, G E M Anscombe, Karl Marx, Judith Martin to name a few. Understanding the world of ethics is based on a number of beliefs, most common of which is the act of doing universal good so that the wellness of the society could be assured. This means that the people who are ethically-driven will usually bring a great deal of sanity within the different processes and actions they are involved in, and thus assist the society to grow and develop in a very positive fashion. Ethical perspectives keep on changing with the passage of time because these are seen from differential contexts every now and then (Snidal 2008). However the element of doing good and being seen as good is something that

Entrepreneurship Acunu Ltd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurship Acunu Ltd - Assignment Example Using the above approach the objectives of Acunu Ltd could be described as follows: a) the firm emphasizes the use of information as a strategic tool for supporting daily operations of firms in all industries; in fact it is the rapid, even on real-time, process of information/ data on which Acunu Ltd focuses in order to secure its competitiveness in the UK market; b) Acunu Ltd has developed a unique software programme, the Acunu Analytics, which is able to offer data analysis support of high quality using advanced features, as described in the organizational website; the promotion of this programme, as the basis of its services, is among the key objectives of Acunu Ltd; c) Acunu Analytics, the key programme of Acunu Ltd, addresses businesses in all sectors; there are no specific criteria set by the firm in regard to the provision of its services; this means that the above programme can be applied in a quite wide business area; the approach used by Acunu Analytics for communicating wi th its potential customers can be characterized as generalist approach (Kozami 2002), not being limited on the basis of specific terms. A successful mission statement needs to be broad so that it cannot easily become ‘outdated if the business changes its objectives/ priorities’ (Lamb et al. 2008, p.35). Moreover, such mission statement would focus ‘on the market that the firm is interested to attract’ (Lamb et al. 2008, p.35); a description only of the goods/ services of a business would not constitute an effective mission statement. In Acunu Ltd there is no a clear description of the mission statement; after reviewing the organizational website the following mission statement would result: the firm aims to help businesses to secure their growth by using their data more wisely. As a concept, business vision is usually related to the identification of ‘a unique path for the business’ (Wenger 2007, p.19), i.e. a path that would make the business to secure its competitiveness.  Ã‚  

HUMAN DISEASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

HUMAN DISEASE - Essay Example However, recent studies suggest that enteroviruses, specifically Coxsackie B enteroviruses (CVB) and an enteroviral capsid protein, vp1, may be contributing to the onset of Type 1 diabetes. Following up on the said studies, Richardson et al. (2) collected 72 pancreatic autopsy tissues from patients with recent-onset Type 1 diabetes mellitus along with 161 controls. These samples were immunostained for insulin, glucagon, vp1, double-stranded RNA activated protein kinase R (PKR) and MHC class 1. VP1staining was restricted to insulin-containing beta cells (Ibid 1). The results of the experiment showed the presence of vp1-immunopositive cells in multiple islets, 44 out of 72, from young, recent-onset, Type 1 diabetic patients, compared with just three islets out of 50 specimens from neonatal and paediatric normal controls. Dako antiserum in vp1 immunostaining was used because of its specificity in labeling vp1 immunopositive cells, especially when it comes to Islet of Langerhans cells. A nother consideration was that polyclonal antisera raised against enteroviruses often cross-react with tyrosine phosphatase (IA-2) and heat shock protein (hsp-60). However, the study results show that cross-reaction does not occur with Dako antiserum as IA-2 is present in both alpha cells and beta cells. As well, the results showed no minimal alpha cells were stained. PKR immunostaining was also done since PKR is a protein upregulated in response to enteroviral infections like CVB4. A strong correlation was found between PKR and vp1 immunopositivity which supports the findings that Dako antiserum is indicative of a persistent enteroviral infection. Two other antisera were used but the results using these were not conclusive. Results of the experiment have also linked vp1 infection to type 2 diabetes even if there is no autoimmunity. Since PKR production is a response of the infected endocrine cells to the disease, the outcome may be decreased insulin secretion. Reckoning with obesity as a predisposing factor, one may then expect adult-onset, Type 2 diabetes as a result. The paper presented a major diagnostic breakthrough that contrasted sharply with the longstanding notion about genetic predisposition being virtually the only explanation for the onset of Type 1 diabetes. The study revolutionizes the way diabetes will henceforth treated and preventive measures can now be taken. A development of a vaccine for enteroviral infections can lead to a reduction of juvenile diabetes cases worldwide. A breakthrough like this may well be worthy of a Nobel prize. Works Cited International Diabetes Foundation. â€Å"What is Diabetes† 13 June 2010. International Diabetes Foundation. 2 May 2011 Richardson, S. J. et al. â€Å"The Prevalence of Enteroviral Capsid Protein vp1 Immunostaining in Pancreatic Islets in Human Type 1 Diabetes.†

A company profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

A company profile - Essay Example In addition, it entirely owns a functioning power corporation in Singapore. The company majorly takes part in the development, manufacture and operation of big power plants. It uses modern equipment and technology (Meyer and Lu 2005, 63). Also, it makes use of domestic and international capital. The power plants for this company are advanced in terms of technology rendering them efficient and stable (Dietz Orr and Xing 2008, 22). Founded on power industry, this corporation puts emphasis on breakthroughs in management, technology and in organizational systems (YU and YU 2010, 10). These exceptional features have enabled it to break numerous records and create various milestones among its competitors and peers as far as power technology and construction and management of power plant is concerned (Dietz Orr and Xing 2008, 22). The whole labor productivity of this corporation is ranked amongst the top in local power industry. Examining Hainan Nuclear Power Company limited as well as Huaneng Shidaowan Nuclear Power Company, Huaneng power international company ha s gotten into the sector of nuclear power (YU and YU 2010, 10). In the meantime, it actively incorporates different industries, though strongly investing more on the coal, shipping and harbor industries. This has strengthened the company’s aptitude to personally supply coal. The Company considers power industry as its center business (Meyer and Lu 2005, 63). It holds on to the Green Development viewpoint and carries on to pace up structural amendments (YU and YU 2010, 10). The Company struggle to optimize the growth of coal-fired power, robustly develop hydropower, and dynamically build up wind power, solar power alongside other types of modern energy (Dietz Orr and Xing 2008, 22). It strives to build up nuclear power, and goes on with developing natural gas-fired power, to be able to boost the quantity of low-carbon

Difference Between Audit & Investigation Essay Example for Free

Difference Between Audit Investigation Essay Investigation is the act of detail examination of activities so as to achieve certain objectives. Specially, investigation is made in suspected places. It finds out the nature and reasons of suspected areas but auditing is the act of examining books of accounts so as to prove true and fairness of operating results and financial position of a business. Following differences can be seen between auditing and investigation: 1. Purpose An audit is carried out for the purpose of ascertaining whether or not the balance sheet and profit and loss account show true and fair view of the state of companys affairs and its profit or loss. But an investigation aims at establishing a fact or is carried out for some particular purpose i.e. to know the financial position of the concern or the earning capacity of the concern etc. 2. On Behalf An audit is carried out on behalf of the proprietor of the business, while an investigation may be conducted on behalf proprietors when they suspect any fraud in their business or on behalf of outside parties who wish to lend money or intend to purchase business or at the instance of the government on the request of the shareholders. 3. Scope An audit includes only an examination of the accounts of a business whereas an investigation covers not only an examination of the accounts but also an inquiry into other relevant matters connected with the purpose for which it is undertaken. 4. Use Of Techniques An audit is usually a test checking but an investigation is a much more thorough examination of the books of accounts. It goes into the depth of the problem and keeps on looking for far more definite evidence to arrive at a conclusion that it can firmly substantiate. Further, investigation may be conducted even after the audit of the accounts. 5. Period An audit is related to only a year or six months while investigation may cover several years. 6. Statutory Obligation In the case of joint stock companies, audit is compulsory under law while there is no such statutory obligation with regard to investigation. 7. Examination Use Of Policies In audit, an auditor has to see whether the methods of valuation and other accounting policies have been consistently followed or not and he has to ensure that all disclosures have been properly made in the financial statements, while an investigation is not at all bound by accounting conventions, policies and disclosure requirements.

Introduction To Marketing Management Marketing Essay

Introduction To Marketing Management Marketing Essay Marketing management is the act of choosing and targeting different markets and creating good relationships with them, regarding the resources of the company. The marketing managers are the responsible for directing and entering a company to different markets by setting a marketing plans and strategies based on information allocated by studying the markets and defining the needs and wants of customers and come up with products that satisfy the needs of customers and gain the market. According to Richard Branson, the founder and owner of Virgin Company, one of the richest and famous entrepreneurs in the United Kingdom and worldwide, A business has to be involving, it has to be fun and it has to exercise your creative instinct. In marketing we almost use the four Ps, (product, price, promotion, place), these four Ps represent a convenient way to summarize the main factors involved in any marketing strategy. Often, marketing strategy will evaluate a marketing plan in order to specify how able the company to implement the strategy decided and meet the business objectives. The purposes of marketing plan to help you state your vision, mission and values, it needs to include your marketing budget, marketing strategy and the advertising plan you will use to market your business, and you need to keep it flexible to be sure you rich you goals and invest the money wisely. http://www.principlesofmarketing.com/fall2002/chapter%20two.htm http://www.ehow.com/about_4727858_purpose-marketing-plan.html Vision is about the future situation that a business wishes to have, the visions intention is to control, to guide, and to encourage the business as a whole to achieve the desirable state of the business. -Here The vision of the company Mission are a measurable goals, the company has to know where it is going, and its current situation along the process, a business can have many different missions under the format of the vision of the business. -Here you put the mission of Turkish airline Values define the business beliefs, the rules that control the business to your peers, your staff and importantly to your customers. Your behaviors have a negative impact. -Here you put the mission of Turkish airline http://www.webandmacros.net/mission-vision-values-company.htm marketing strategy aims and objectives Is what unique position will the company be able to achieve, what the other advantage that the company will have at the end of the day and how the company will sustain these advantages all the time and thats will drive the company. A marketing strategy is about the designed marketing plan to achieve a certain marketing objectives, there might some objectives like becoming the market leader. The strategic plan here is a planning with details includes a marketing research, and next evaluating a marketing mix to become the leader. Every company needs to have marketing objectives to work on and achieve the strategy. In a marketing strategy time is everything as long as the company take the advantage to plan, distribute, and to develop. http://www.thetimes100.co.uk/theory/theorymarketing-strategy244.php SWOT ANALYSIS : is a technique uses to understand the strengths and weaknesses of your business and determine the opportunities and threats that your business might face. The SWOT analysis of Turkish airlines based on a face to face interview of the marketing manager said, Strengths of Turkish airlines are: Good relationships with the staff. Strong marketing strategy. Punctuality of flights. Sixty seven destinations from Morocco. One of the best airline companies in the Middle East, competing with Fly Emirates and Qatar Airlines. Customers care. Good services. Qualified staff. Attractive flights prices. Cargo flight service. Ranked 4 stars sky plate. Weaknesses of Turkish airlines are: Brand awareness in Morocco. No flights in destination to the countries in the East of Europe like Ukraine and Romania. Opportunities of Turkish airline are: Weak competition with African and south American aircraft companies. Royal Air Maroc got a weak marketing strategy. Focusing on getting destinations to most of the Asian countries, not like Royal Air Maroc that is focusing only on Chinese destinations. Daily flight to Istanbul, Royal Air Maroc has only three flights per week. Jakarta in Indonesia is the farthest destination for the Moroccan customers. Threats that Turkish airlines takes into consideration: High competition with big companies like fly emirates and others Random shocks, (political, social or natural events) Changes in government policy, ( the government may use a contraction monetary policy to prevent inflation which will effect the business) Turkish airlines staff are proud of the business and they are highly confident in the strategy of the managers to expand in all over the world and being global, in morocco they dont consider it as a big market even in their advertising strategy they are not planning to use Moroccan people or a Moroccan symbol to deal with the psychology of the Moroccans, but in general they are doing well, for example, in the strengths they are taking into consideration the most important part which are customers and how to provide to them a friendly and a good atmosphere in the agency and the plan. In the weaknesses as we mentioned above they dont really make a big effort to create brand awareness in morocco which is not professional and we did not like it. They have great opportunities to provide a better service than the African companies and South America and this is because of the less resources available in those countries, in they are completely true to do not consider la RAM as a big competitor and that as the manager mentioned about the marketing strategy that la RAM follow, and from our points of view, it has been so long that we have not seen or hear or read in thing about la RAM, either in the TV or RADIO or MAGAZINS or in the streets etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦., which very good for Turkish airlines to expand and growth. The threats that Turkish airlines take into consideration are challenging, they to be very smart and not make quick decisions which well affects the business. Market research http://www.marketresearchworld.net/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=14Itemid=38 Marketing research is the collection and analysis of data to study a particular target market, environment, and competition. These data collected whether it is primary research, collected direct from a respondent, or secondary research (desk research) The purpose of market research is to increase the understanding of the project matter. For a market research the company might decide to work on the project by themselves, or to conduct a market research agency or consultancy to do it, but the company must decide in advance the research objectives. Quantitative research is a statistical analysis of a numeric data collected by a questionnaire survey that involves a ways to get numbers. For example, Turkish airlines might ask its customers to rate the overall service satisfaction as either very satisfied, satisfied, somewhat satisfied or poor. In quantitative research every respondent has to be asked the same questions series and involves a large number of questionnaires. Qualitative research is about understanding why or how the consumer see and buy a certain product this research might be done in a supermarket for example by asking the buyer why hi or she choose that type of product, in qualitative research the set of questions is not fixed.

The Minimum Wage Should Be Increased :: Argumentative Essay, Minimum Wage Essays

Since its inception, the minimum wage has been a hotbed for debate. If today’s leaders could manage to increase minimum wage, millions of families would benefit. A person working at minimum wage will only make about $10,700 a year. When rent, groceries, bills and gas are all added up, it appears to be a nearly impossible task to keep a family afloat. But working 40 hours a week at $5.15 an hour, one makes less than $206 a week after taxes. Making $206/week, one brings home about $824/month. Adding 17 gallons of gas at $2.20 a gallon in a car; the cost ends up to be about $38 a week, $152/month. The gas and electricity bill about $120, $50 for cable, $147 for property taxes, $45 for the telephone bill, $25 for water, and $42 for house insurance. All this totals about $580 (Abrams, H). Making it difficult to afford cable, and make the smallest payment possible on all the bills causing one to slip into debt. This is reality for many of the people in the United States. At the current minimum wage level, a full time, year round minimum wage worker in 2005 will earn $5,378 less than the $16,090 needed to lift a family of three out of poverty (Min imum). Today the federal minimum wage is $5.15, but should be about $8.50 if Congress had adjusted it for inflation over the past 35 years. While $5.15 may not seen that bad, when factoring in such variables as sky rocketing gas prices, budgets can get pretty tight. David Shepard, a sophomore at Wayne State University, worked at a Meijer Retail and Grocery Superstore for over two years while in high school. At the time Shepard lived with his parents and didn’t have to worry about paying rent or buying groceries, all that he had to pay for was filling up his gas tank and paying for his car insurance. Shepard recalled, â€Å"It was all I could do to pay for the basics like gas and bill’s, I barely had any money to have fun on the weekends†. This is only an example of a high school student that can nearly slip by on minimum wage with only a few expenses. There are 1.8 million people in America with children under the age of 18 that would benefit from an increase in m inimum wage (Minimum).

Homeless People Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The problem of homelessness in America is growing dramatically. It's a problem that can strike anyone when you least expect it. Therefore you should address this as a major crisis that affects our society. I feel as Americans we should come together to create solutions to end a growing epidemic of homeless people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Statistics show people living in poverty are most at risk of becoming homeless. Economically they are at a higher risk of losing what little they already have.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The number of homeless families with children has increased significantly over the past decade. They are among the fastest growing segments of the homeless population. They are approximently 40% of people who are homeless. In rural areas the largest group of homeless people are families, single mothers, and children.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In a 1998 survey of 30 cities, it was found that the homeless population was 53% African-American, 35% Caucasian, 12% Hispanic, 4% Native-American, and 3% Asian (U.S Conference of Mayors1998). The ethnic makeup of homeless population varies depending upon geographic location.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Homelessness and poverty are closely linked. Poor people commonly are unable to pay for housing, food, child care, health care, and education. Choices must be mad when only their income covers some of these necessities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Poor employment opportunities for a large number of the work force increases poverty. Falling incomes and less secure jobs which offer fewer benefits leads to additional financial strain on already financially burdened people. The connection between impoverished workers and homelessness can be seen in homeless shelters, many of which house significant numbers of full time wage earners. A survey of 30 U.S cities found that almost one in five homeless people are employed (U.S Conference of Mayors 1998). Thus, for many Americans, work provides no escape from poverty and homelessness.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Fewer public assistance is another reason of increasing poverty and homelessness. Until it's repeal in August 1996 the largest cash assistance program for poor families with children was the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The elimination and cut ... ...nd services are important and needed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are a lot of things that can be done at shelters and other service agencies that is greatly appreciated. For instance filing, sorting clothes, cutting vegetables, etc. Let them know how you can help out and for how long.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Some possible tasks are: working at a shelter, helping build or fix up houses or shelters, food drives, reading to the homeless, and just by involving others to help out too.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the efforts are being made in volunteer work, material help is needed also. The end to homelessness is a long road. In the meantime, homeless people and people running the programs need help every day. Some items that would be great to donate are: clothing, household products, support a homeless person of family, raise funds for a program, give directly, help homeless contact loved ones, and encourage your job to hire homeless people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Efforts to ensure jobs that pay a living wage and have good benefits, your help and others, affordable housing, and access to health care will bring and end to the problem of homelessness.